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TOP414 데이터시트 PDF




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부품번호 TOP414 기능
기능 Three-terminal DC to DC PWM Switch
제조업체 Power Integrations Inc.
로고 Power Integrations  Inc. 로고


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TOP414 데이터시트, 핀배열, 회로
TOP412/414
TOPSwitch® Family
Three-terminal DC to DC PWM Switch
®
Product Highlights
Low Cost Replacement for Discrete Switchers
Up to 15 fewer components - cuts cost, increases reliability
Allows for a smaller and lighter solution under 12 mm
height, all surface mount components
Over 80% Efficiency in Flyback Topology
Built-in start-up and current limit reduce DC losses
Low capacitance MOSFET cuts switching losses
CMOS controller/gate driver consumes only 7 mW
70% maximum duty cycle minimizes conduction losses
Simplifies Design - Reduces Time to Market
Integrated PWM Controller and high power MOSFET
Only one external capacitor needed for compensation,
bypass and start-up/auto-restart functions
System Level Fault Protection Features
Auto-restart and cycle by cycle current limiting functions
handle both primary and secondary faults
On-chip latching thermal shutdown protects the entire
system against overload
Highly Versatile
Implements Buck, Boost, Flyback or Forward topology
Easily interfaces with both opto and primary feedback
Supports continuous or discontinuous mode of operation
Specified for operation down to 16 V DC input
Description
The TOPSwitch family implements, with only three terminals,
all functions necessary for a DC to DC, converter: high voltage
N-channel power MOSFET with controlled turn-on gate driver,
voltage mode PWM controller with integrated 120 kHz oscillator,
high voltage start-up bias circuit, bandgap derived reference,
bias shunt regulator/error amplifier for loop compensation and
fault protection circuitry. Compared to discrete MOSFET and
controller or self oscillating (RCC) switching converter solutions,
a TOPSwitch integrated circuit can reduce total cost, component
count, size, weight and at the same time increase efficiency and
system reliability. This device is well suited for Telecom,
Cablecom and other DC to DC converter applications up to
VO
VIN D
TOP414
CONTROL
C
S
Figure 1. Typical Application.
PI-2371-120198
Output Power Capability1-4
MINIMUM
INPUT
VOLTAGE
18 VDC
24 VDC
36 VDC
48 VDC
60 VDC
72 VDC
90 VDC
ORDER PART NUMBER
TOP412G
TOP414G
3W
5W
7W
9W
12 W
15 W
18 W
4W
6W
9W
12 W
15 W
18 W
21 W
Table 1. TOP412/414 Output Power.
Notes: 1. Assumes maximum junction temperature of 100 °C
2. Assumes output of 5 V and
(645 mm2), 2 oz. copper clad
K(6R1P0ofg0m.4/m3m. S2)o4ld. eTrehdetcoo1nstiqn.uinocuhs
power capability in a given application depends on thermal
environment, transformer design, efficiency required, input storage
capacity, etc.
21W of output power. Internally, the lead frame of the
SMD-8 package uses six of its pins to transfer heat from the chip
directly to the board, eliminating the cost of a heat sink.
April 1999




TOP414 pdf, 반도체, 판매, 대치품
TOP412/414
TOPSwitch Family Functional Description (cont.)
The first time VC reaches the upper threshold, the high-voltage
current source is turned off and the PWM modulator and output
transistor are activated, as shown in Figure 5(a). During normal
operation (when the output voltage is regulated) feedback
control current supplies the V supply current. The shunt
C
regulator keeps VC at typically 5.7 V by shunting CONTROL
pin feedback current exceeding the required DC supply current
through the PWM error signal sense resistor R . The low
E
dynamic impedance of this pin (ZC) sets the gain of the error
amplifier when used in a primary feedback configuration. The
dynamic impedance of the CONTROL pin together with the
external resistance and capacitance determines the control loop
compensation of the power system.
If the CONTROL pins total external capacitance (CT) should
discharge to the lower threshold, the output MOSFET is turned
off and the control circuit is placed in a low-current standby
mode. The high-voltage current source is turned on and charges
the external capacitance again. Charging current is shown with
a negative polarity and discharging current is shown with a
positive polarity in Figure 6. The hysteretic auto-restart
comparator keeps VC within a window of typically 4.7 to 5.7 V
by turning the high-voltage current source on and off as shown
in Figure 5(b). The auto-restart circuit has a divide-by-8
counter which prevents the output MOSFET from turning on
again until eight discharge-charge cycles have elapsed. The
counter effectively limits TOPSwitch power dissipation by
reducing the auto-restart duty cycle to typically 5%. Auto-
restart continues to cycle until output voltage regulation is again
achieved.
Bandgap Reference
All critical TOPSwitch internal voltages are derived from a
temperature-compensated bandgap reference. This reference
is also used to generate a temperature-compensated current
source which is trimmed to accurately set the oscillator frequency
and MOSFET gate drive current.
Oscillator
The internal oscillator linearly charges and discharges the
internal capacitance between two voltage levels to create a
sawtooth waveform for the pulse width modulator. The oscillator
sets the pulse width modulator/current limit latch at the beginning
of each cycle. The nominal frequency of 120 kHz was chosen
to minimize EMI and maximize efficiency in power supply
applications. Trimming of the current reference improves the
frequency accuracy.
typical corner frequency of 7 kHz to reduce the effect of
switching noise. The filtered error signal is compared with the
internal oscillator sawtooth waveform to generate the duty
cycle waveform. As the control current increases, the duty
cycle decreases. A clock signal from the oscillator sets a latch
which turns on the output MOSFET. The pulse width modulator
resets the latch, turning off the output MOSFET. The maximum
duty cycle is set by the symmetry of the internal oscillator. The
modulator has a minimum ON-time to keep the current
consumption of the TOPSwitch independent of the error signal.
Note that a minimum current must be driven into the CONTROL
pin before the duty cycle begins to change.
Gate Driver
The gate driver is designed to turn the output MOSFET on at a
controlled rate to minimize common-mode EMI. The gate
drive current is trimmed for improved accuracy.
Error Amplifier
The shunt regulator can also perform the function of an error
amplifier in primary feedback applications. The shunt regulator
voltage is accurately derived from the temperature compensated
bandgap reference. The gain of the error amplifier is set by the
CONTROL pin dynamic impedance. The CONTROL pin
clamps external circuit signals to the VC voltage level. The
CONTROL pin current in excess of the supply current is
separated by the shunt regulator and flows through RE as the
error signal.
Cycle-By-Cycle Current Limit
The cycle by cycle peak drain current limit circuit uses the
output MOSFET ON-resistance as a sense resistor. A current
limit comparator compares the output MOSFET ON-state
drain-source voltage, V with a threshold voltage. High
DS(ON),
drain current causes VDS(ON) to exceed the threshold voltage and
turns the output MOSFET off until the start of the next clock
cycle. The current limit comparator threshold voltage is
temperature compensated to minimize variation of the effective
peak current limit due to temperature related changes in output
MOSFET RDS(ON).
The leading edge blanking circuit inhibits the current limit
comparator for a short time after the output MOSFET is turned
on. The leading edge blanking time has been set so that current
spikes caused by primary-side capacitances and secondary-side
rectifier reverse recovery time will not cause premature
termination of the switching pulse.
Pulse Width Modulator
The pulse width modulator implements a voltage-mode control
loop by driving the output MOSFET with a duty cycle inversely
proportional to the current flowing into the CONTROL pin.
The error signal across RE is filtered by an RC network with a
Shutdown/Auto-restart
To minimize TOPSwitch power dissipation, the shutdown/
auto-restart circuit turns the power supply on and off at a duty
cycle of typically 5% if an out of regulation condition persists.
Loss of regulation interrupts the external current into the
4A
4/99

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TOP414 전자부품, 판매, 대치품
Key Application Issues
Use a Kelvin connection to the SOURCE pin for the CONTROL
pin bypass capacitor. Use single point grounding techniques at
the SOURCE pin as shown in Figure 8. Use a ceramic high
frequency decoupling capacitor to bypass noise transients which
might appear on the CONTROL pin. The TOP412 and TOP414
have an over current latching shutdown feature. Failure to use
a high frequency decoupling capacitor may allow incidental
noise to accidentally trigger this feature.
Limit peak voltage and ringing on the DRAIN voltage at turn-
off to a safe value. Use a Zener or TVS Zener diode to clamp
the DRAIN voltage.
Do not plug the TOPSwitch device into a hotIC socket during
test. External CONTROL pin capacitance may deliver a surge
current sufficient to trigger the shutdown latch which turns the
TOPSwitch off.
TOP412/414
Under some conditions, externally provided bias or supply
current driven into the CONTROL pin can hold the TOPSwitch
in one of the 8 auto-restart cycles indefinitely and prevent
starting. Shorting the CONTROL pin to the SOURCE pin will
reset the TOPSwitch. To avoid this problem when doing bench
evaluations, it is recommended that the VC power supply be
turned on before the DRAIN voltage is applied.
CONTROL pin currents during auto-restart operation are much
lower at low input voltages (< 20 V) which increases the auto-
restart cycle period (see the IC vs. Drain Voltage Characteristic
curve).
In some cases, minimum loading may be necessary to keep a
lightly loaded or unloaded output voltage within the desired
range due to the minimum ON-time.
For additional applications information regarding the TOPSwitch
family, refer to Web site, www.powerint.com.
G PACKAGE
Bias/Feedback
Return
SOURCE
Bias/Feedback
Input
SOURCE
CONTROL
High Voltage
Return
DRAIN
Kelvin-connected
auto-restart/bypass capacitor C5
and/or compensation network
CONTROL pin transient
decoupling capacitor
TOP VIEW
Figure 8. Recommended TOPSwitch Layout.
PI-2210-102798
7A
4/99

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관련 데이터시트

부품번호상세설명 및 기능제조사
TOP412

Three-terminal DC to DC PWM Switch

Power Integrations  Inc.
Power Integrations Inc.
TOP414

Three-terminal DC to DC PWM Switch

Power Integrations  Inc.
Power Integrations Inc.

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