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December 1991

LM1950 750 mA High Side Switch

General Description

The LM1950 is a high current high side (PNP) power switch

for driving ground referenced loads Intended for industrial

and automotive applications the LM1950 is guaranteed to

deliver 750 mA continuous load current (with typically 1 4

Amps peak) and can withstand supply voltage transients up

to a60V and b50V When switched OFF the quiescent

current drain from the input power supply is less than

100 mA which can allow continuous connection to a battery

power source

The LM1950 will drive all types of resistive or reactive loads

To obtain a rapid decay time of the energy in inductive

loads the output is internally protected but not clamped and

can swing below ground to at least 54V negative with re-

spect to the input power supply voltage

The ON OFF input can be driven with standard 5V TTL or

CMOS compatible logic levels independent of the VCC sup-

ply voltage used Built in protection features include short

circuit protection thermal shutdown over-voltage shutdown

to protect load circuits and protection against reverse polari-

ty input connections The LM1950 is available in a 5-lead

power TO-220 package and specified over a wide b40 C to

125 C operating temperature range

Features

Y 750 mA continuous output drive current

Y Less than 100 mA quiescent current in OFF state

Y Low input output voltage drop

Y a60V b50V transient protection

Y Drives resistive or reactive loads

Y Unclamped output for fast inductive decay tmies

Y Reverse battery protected

Y Short circuit proof

Y Overvoltage shutdown to protect loads

Y TTL CMOS compatible control input

Y Thermal overload protection

Applications

Y Relay driver

Y Solenoid Valve driver

Y Lamp driver

Y Load circuit switching

Y Motor driver

Typical Application

Connection Diagram

TO 220 5 Lead

TL H 11237 – 1

Required for stability

C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation TL H 11237

Front View

Order Number LM1950T

See NS Package Number T05A

TL H 11237 – 2

RRD-B30M115 Printed in U S A

Application Hints

HIGH CURRENT OUTPUT

The 750 mA output is fault protected against overvoltage If

the supply voltage rises above approximately 30V the out-

put will automatically shut down This protects the internal

circuitry and enables the IC to survive higher voltage tran-

sients than would otherwise be expected The LM1950 will

survive transients and DC voltages up to 60V on the supply

The output remains off during this time independent of the

state of the input logic voltage This protects the load The

high current output is also protected against short circuits to

either ground or supply voltage Standard thermal shutdown

circuits are employed to protect the LM1950 from over heat-

ing

FLYBACK RESPONSE

Since the LM1950 is designed to drive inductive as well as

any other type of load inductive kickback can be expected

whenever the output changes state from ON to OFF (See

Waveform on Figure 1 ) The driver output was left un-

clamped since it is often desirable in many systems to

achieve a very rapid decay in the load current In applica-

tions where this is not true such as in Figure 2 a simple

external diode clamp will suffice In this application the inte-

grated current in the inductive load is controlled by varying

the duty cycle of the input to the drive IC This technique

achieves response characteristics that are desirable for cer-

tain automotive transmission solenoids for example

For applications requiring a rapid controlled decay in the

solenoid current such as fuel injector drivers an external

zener and diode can be used as in Figure 3 The voltage

rating of the zener should be such that it breaks down be-

fore the output of the LM1950 The minimum output break-

down voltage of the IC output is rated at b54V with respect

to the supply voltage

The LM1950 can be used alone as a simple relay or sole-

noid driver where a rapid decay of the load current is de-

sired but the exact rate of decay is not critical to the sys-

tem If the output is unclamped as in Figure 1 and the load

is inductive enough the negative flyback transient will cause

the output of the IC to breakdown and behave similarly to a

zener clamp Relying upon the IC breakdown is practical

and will not damage or degrade the IC in any way There are

two considerations that must be accounted for when the

driver is operated in this mode The IC breakdown voltage is

process and lot dependent Output clamp voltages ranging

from b40V to b120V (with VCC supply of 14V) will be en-

countered over time on different devices This is not at all

critical in most applications An important consideration

however is the additional heat dissipated in the IC as a

result This must be added to normal device dissipation

when considering junction temperatures and heat sinking

requirements Worst case for the additional dissipation can

be approximated as

Additional PD e I2 x L x f(Watts)

Where I e Peak Solenoid Current (Amps)

L e Solenoid Inductance (Henries)

f e Maximum Frequency Input Signal (Hz)

For solenoids where the inductance is less than ten milli-

henries the additional power dissipation can be ignored

Overshoot undershoot and ringing can occur on certain

loads The simple solution is to lower the Q of the load by

the addition of a resistor in parallel or series with the load A

value that draws one tenth of the current or DC voltage of

the load is usually sufficient

For frequency stability of the switch a 0 1 mF or larger out-

put bypass capacitor is required

FIGURE 1

TL H 11237 – 4

FIGURE 2 Diode Clamp

TL H 11237 – 5

4

TL H 11237 – 6

FIGURE 3 Zener Clamp for Rapid

Controlled Current Decay

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